A retinal vein or artery occlusion occurs when blood flow to or from the retina becomes blocked. This can cause sudden or gradual vision loss. Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO) blocks blood drainage, leading to swelling, while Retinal Artery Occlusion (RAO) blocks blood supply, often causing sudden, painless vision loss. Both are serious eye emergencies requiring prompt evaluation.
Causes and Risk Factors
Most occlusions result from blood clots or hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis). Common risk factors include high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking, glaucoma, heart disease, and blood clotting disorders.
Symptoms
• Sudden, painless loss of vision in one eye
• Blurred or distorted vision
• Dark or blank areas in vision
• Flashes or floaters
If you experience sudden vision loss, seek emergency medical care immediately.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves a comprehensive eye exam, including dilated retinal exam, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography to check blood flow, and blood pressure or lab tests to identify systemic causes.
Treatment Options
Although the blockage cannot be reversed, treatment helps reduce damage and prevent further vision loss. For Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO):
• Anti-VEGF injections reduce swelling and improve vision.
• Steroid injections may reduce inflammation.
• Laser treatment can prevent abnormal vessel growth. For Retinal Artery Occlusion (RAO):
• Immediate care may include eye massage, pressure-lowering drops, or oxygen therapy.
• Long-term care focuses on preventing recurrence by managing vascular health.
Managing Underlying Health Conditions
Because retinal occlusions are often linked to systemic disease, ongoing management includes controlling blood pressure, diabetes, and cholesterol, quitting smoking, and regular follow-up with both an eye specialist and primary care provider.
Summary
Retinal vein or artery occlusion is a blockage of the eye’s blood vessels that can cause serious vision loss. Early detection, treatment, and management of systemic conditions are key to protecting long-term vision.
At our ophthalmology clinic, we understand the importance of accessible and efficient eye care services
