Refractive (Vision-Related) Conditions
Myopia (Nearsightedness): Objects up close appear clear, but distant objects look blurry. Caused by an elongated eyeball or overly curved cornea. Treatment: Glasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery (LASIK, PRK).
Hyperopia (Farsightedness): Distant objects are clear, but near tasks are blurry. Caused by a short eyeball or flat cornea. Treatment: Glasses, contact lenses, or laser correction.
Astigmatism: The cornea or lens has an irregular shape, causing blurred or distorted vision at all distances. Treatment: Glasses, toric contact lenses, or refractive surgery.
Presbyopia: Age-related loss of near focusing ability due to hardening of the eye’s lens, usually after age 40. Treatment: Reading glasses, bifocals, multifocal lenses, or lens surgery.
Corneal Disorders
Keratoconus: The cornea becomes thin and cone-shaped, distorting vision. Treatment: Specialty contact lenses, corneal cross-linking, or corneal transplant.
Corneal Abrasion: A scratch on the cornea, often caused by fingernails or debris. Treatment: Lubricating drops, antibiotics, and avoiding contact lenses until healed.
Corneal Ulcer: An open sore on the cornea, usually caused by infection or injury. Treatment: Prescription antibiotic or antiviral eye drops; emergency care may be needed.
Dry Eye Syndrome: Occurs when the eyes do not produce enough tears or tears evaporate too quickly. Treatment: Artificial tears, prescription drops, in-office treatments like IPL.
Corneal Dystrophy: Inherited diseases that cause cloudy buildup in the cornea, affecting clarity. Treatment: Lubricating drops, special contact lenses, or corneal surgery.
Lens Disorders
Cataract: Clouding of the eye’s natural lens, causing blurred vision, glare, and faded colors. Common with aging. Treatment: Cataract surgery replaces the cloudy lens with a clear artificial one.
Retinal Disorders
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD): Damage to the macula (central retina), causing blurry or distorted central vision. Treatment: Nutritional supplements, injections for ‘wet’ AMD, lifestyle changes.
Diabetic Retinopathy: High blood sugar damages retinal blood vessels, causing bleeding and vision loss. Treatment: Blood sugar control, laser treatment, or eye injections.
Retinal Detachment: The retina separates from its underlying layer — a medical emergency that can cause permanent blindness. Treatment: Surgery (laser, gas bubble, or scleral buckle).
Retinal Vein or Artery Occlusion: Blockage in a retinal blood vessel leading to sudden vision loss. Treatment: Injections, laser therapy, and managing systemic diseases.
Macular Hole / Macular Pucker: A tear or wrinkling of the central retina, causing blurred or distorted vision. Treatment: Vitrectomy surgery.
Retinitis Pigmentosa: Genetic condition that causes gradual night blindness and peripheral vision loss. Treatment: No cure; low-vision aids and gene therapy trials may help.
Optic Nerve Disorders
Glaucoma: Increased eye pressure damages the optic nerve, leading to gradual vision loss. Treatment: Eye drops, laser therapy, or surgery to lower pressure.
Optic Neuritis: Inflammation of the optic nerve, often linked to multiple sclerosis. Causes pain and sudden vision loss. Treatment: Steroid medications.
Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: Loss of blood flow to the optic nerve, often due to vascular disease. Treatment: Addressing underlying circulation issues; vision loss may be permanent.
Summary
Eye diseases range from mild and treatable to sight-threatening emergencies. Regular eye exams, early detection, and proper management are key to maintaining lifelong eye health and vision.
At our ophthalmology clinic, we understand the importance of accessible and efficient eye care services
